Joyce, James Augustine

(1882-1941)

   Dublin-born novelist and poet, he was one of the significant figures in twentieth century English literature. Educated at Jesuit schools and Belvedere College, Dublin, he graduated from University College, Dublin, where he studied languages, in 1902. With his wife Nora and their family, he lived most of his life abroad. He is best known for his novel Ulysses, published in parts in The Little Review and The Egoist, and in book form in Paris in 1922. Its publication was banned in Britain as being obscene and for the same reason, until 1933, in the United States. His other great work is Finnegans Wake (1939). He died in Zürich after an operation for a perforated duodenal ulcer. The Joyce Museum, Dublin, contains pictures, papers, and first editions of Joyce's books. Some of his poetry publications: Chamber Music, 1907. Poems Pennyeach, 1927. Collected Poems, 1937. Some of his poems: "A Flower Given to My Daughter," "An Advertisement for Finnegans Wake," "Bahnhofstrasse," "On the Beach at Fontana," "She Weeps over Rahoon," "Watching the Needleboats at San Sabba."

   Sources: Collected Poems of James Joyce. Viking Press, 1946. Dictionary of National Biography. Electronic Edition 1.1. Oxford University Press, 1997. Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite DVD, 2006. First Lines, Poems Written in Youth, from Herbert to Heaney. Jon Stallworthy, ed. Carcanet, 1987. The National Portrait Gallery (www.npg.org.uk). Poems for the Millennium: The University of California Book of Modern and Postmodern Poetry. Vol. 2. Jerome Rothenberg and Pierre Joris, eds. University of California Press, 1998. The Columbia Granger's Index to Poetry. 11th ed. The Columbia Granger's World of Poetry, Columbia University Press, 2005 (http://www.columbiagrangers.org). The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 6th edition. Margaret Drabble, ed. Oxford University Press, 2000.